A Collection of Famous Short Quotes

What some of the most brilliant orators and the most memorable writers have always understood is that while a bounty is sometimes necessary, an economy of words can often be a much more effective use of language. A few of the best, such as William Shakespeare and Oscar Wilde, are known for being able to pack a world of meaning in a mere sentence or two. Its small wonder then that some of the greatest quotes are also some of the shortest quotes. This selection from the worlds of politics, entertainment, philosophy, history, and literature includes some prime examples that illustrate the principle, less is more. Great Philosophers Cogito, ergo sum. (I think, therefore, I am.)—Renà © Descartes Das was mich nicht umbringt, macht mich stà ¤rker. (What does not kill me makes me stronger.)—Friedrich Nietzsche â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Socrates â€Å"One cannot step twice in the same river.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Heraclitus â€Å"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent Him.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Voltaire â€Å"Science is what you know. Philosophy is what you dont know.† —Bertrand Russell â€Å"You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Plato Sir Winston Churchill Never hold discussions with the monkey when the organ grinder is in the room. The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see. If youre going through hell, keep going. There are a terrible lot of lies going about the world, and the worst of it is that half of them are true. The price of greatness is responsibility. The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes. History will be kind to me for I intend to write it. Franklin Delano Roosevelt The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. It takes a long time to bring the past up to the present. The truth is found when men are free to pursue it. I think we consider too much the good luck of the early bird and not enough the bad luck of the early worm. The virtues are lost in self-interest as rivers are lost in the sea. Mohandas K. Gandhi Where there is love there is life. An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind. Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will. Oscar Wilde â€Å"There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.† â€Å"The truth is rarely pure and never simple.† â€Å"There is no sin except stupidity.† â€Å"There is only one thing in life worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about.† â€Å"Questions are never indiscreet, answers sometimes are.† â€Å"I can resist everything except temptation.† â€Å"Work is the curse of the drinking classes.† William Shakespeare If music be the food of love, play on.—Duke Orsino, Act I, Scene I, Twelfth Night Brevity is the soul of wit.—Polonius, Act II, Scene II, Hamlet Lord, what fools these mortals be.—Puck, Act III, Scene II, A Midsummer Nights Dream A horse! A horse! My Kingdom for a horse!—King Richard, Act V, Scene IV, Richard III Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war.—Marc Antony, Act III, Scene I, Julius Caesar A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.—Romeo, Act II, Scene II, Romeo and Juliet Television Film Frankly, my dear, I dont give a damn.—Rhett Butler to Scarlett OHara in Gone With the Wind Yada, yada, yada...—Elaine from Seinfeld I have a feeling were not in Kansas anymore.—Dorothy to Toto in The Wizard of Oz My name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father, prepare to die!—Inigo Montoya to Count Rugen in The Princess Bride Heres looking at you, kid.—Rick Blaine to Ilsa Laszlo in Casablanca I hate the living.—Dr. Laurel Weaver, Men in Black Its a dog eat dog world, Sammy, and Im wearing Milk-Bone underwear.—Norm Peterson, Cheers From the World of the Classics Literature Fortune favors the brave.—Virgil, from the Aeneid â€Å"Beware; for I am fearless, and therefore powerful.†Ã¢â‚¬â€from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley One if by land, two if by sea.—from The Ride of Paul Revere by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow People change and forget to tell each other.—Lillian Hellman Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers.—Alfred Lord Tennyson The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.—Dorothy Parker The best love affairs are those we never had.—Australian author Norman Lindsay People say nothing is impossible, but I do nothing every day.—Pooh, from Winnie the Pooh by A.A. Milne If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more.—Jane Austen There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.—Ernest Hemingway Where there is a monster, there is a miracle.—Ogden Nash Politics and Activism â€Å"America will never be destroyed from the outside.—Abraham Lincoln The bulk of the world’s knowledge is an imaginary construction.—Helen Keller If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed.—Adolph Hitler Men are not the enemy, but the fellow victims. The real enemy is womens denigration of themselves.—Betty Friedan Knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave.—Frederick Douglass â€Å"There never will be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Susan B. Anthony Legendary Entertainers Theres a sucker born every minute.—P.T. Barnum In the end, everything is a gag.—Charlie Chaplin Everything is funny as long as it is happening to somebody else.—Will Rogers I used to be Snow White, but I drifted.—Mae West Dont get even, get mad.—Frank Sinatra Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.—Bob Dylan I dont want to belong to any club that will accept me as a member.—Groucho Marx Art Architecture Less is more.—Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free.—Michelangelo â€Å"The truth is more important than the facts.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Architect Frank LLoyd Wright I dream of painting and then I paint my dream.—Vincent Van Gogh Everyone will be famous for 15 minutes.—Andy Warhol The world doesnt make sense, so why should I paint pictures that do?—Pablo Picasso

Chapter 2, -The Great Gatsby- -Dying society- Essay

Chapter 2, -The Great Gatsby- -Dying society- Fitzgerald presents in this novel upper-class people, who live in the world of dreams. He tries to describe the life of milliners, who spends enormous amount of money on drugs, parties, alcohol and other luxury things. In this chapter the writer clearly shows us that America in 20th was dying, there was no truth, no love and no real relationships, and everything was based on how much money each American had. All America had just people who were obsessed with appearance.  «a small living room with a set of tapestried furniture entirely large for it » Even this description of a flat where the party goes on is a significance of a bad taste and showing off. What people could see†¦show more content†¦Even the pictures in the furniture are being symbolic of the self aggrandisement, the idea of something hidden, even for each person to him self. Lies are existing almost in every word of person, the life was all about lies, no one knew each other from the real side: â€Å"It’s just a crazy ld thing; I just slip it on sometimes when I don’t care what I look like† Another theme which Fitzgerald suggested is consumerism which is clearly seen in the examples of Mister Wilson who tries the cars, but his business doesn’t go too far, it is slowly going down as the country isn’t in a good situation. Only destruction grows in America, the other example of failure of business is doctor T.G Ecleburg, whose advertisement is held in the middle of no where, there are no people and even no any symbol of life. The consumerism in America is still one of the important points of people in their lives, Even the name of the book â€Å"the Great Gatsby† suggesting the existence of consumerism and self aggrandisement. The word â€Å"grade† was created for the name of the book to show just from the first time as you take it to the hands that America is a country where people live in their dreams wondering how grade they are and how to feel fulfil their pockets, so everyone could see how wealthy they are. Fitzgerald shows as the surfaceShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby, a book incorporating many symbols. Society. Colors. The american dream. All of these are shown by Fitzgerald in the way he writes The Great Gatsby. This novel follows the lives of Nick Carraway, Jay Gatsby, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and George and Myrtle Wilson. Throughout the story many events from history appear, and within these events many important things to all of the characters. Nick Carraway is the narrator of the novel and closely follows the life of Jay GatsbyRead MoreIdentifying And Surveying F. 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Webster defines dreams as â€Å"a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person s mind during sleep.† However, there is a much broader definition of dreams applicable to this novel. In Nafisi’s world, dreams represent more than just a picture show of thoughts we have while we sleep. In Iran, it was the dreams of one man thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Anthem By Ayn Rand For Summer Reading My Freshman Year1360 Words   |  6 Pagesyear. As a dystopian novel about a fictional society, this book was chock full of symbolism. The real breakthrough moment for me was at the end of the novel, when it became evident that the reason the pronoun â€Å"I† had not been used throughout the entire novel was to symbolize the ideal that in a communist society, or a society similar, there is no sense of self or self-worth due to each citizen working for the â€Å"common good of the general public/entire society† instead of working to be better or wealthierRead MoreF. 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Later, he attended Princeton, where he wrote musicals; due to struggling with his grades, Fitzgerald dropped outRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesFaustus Orlando Don Quixote A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Gesture Life Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Ghosts The Scarlet Letter Great Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby The Sound and Fury Gulliver’s Travels Sula Heart of Darkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turner’s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn of theRead More1. In publishing, what does it mean when the pages are uncut? What does that concept add to3200 Words   |  13 Pagesthat even though Gatsby has never read any of his books, he is not as hallow as many people of this time. Owl-eyes expected the books to be hallow since that was common for the newly rich back then. It builds Gatsby character and Owl-eyes respects him more for this which is why he attends Gatsby’s funeral. It represents the knowledge that Gatsby respects which makes him a real person. Owl eye’s is stunned and yells â€Å"Its a triumph. What thoroughness! What realism!†(Fitzgerald 45). 2. What is the valueRead MoreSummary Of The Death Cure 2158 Words   |  9 PagesChelcie Tjoeng Mrs. Moskovitz English II Honors/Period 4 1. Title of Work: The Death Cure 2. Author and Date Written: James Dashner; 2011 The Death Cure has been initially published in 2013. The morals of this book is society, and how it could be so corrupt from poor judgements. The Death Cure is very similar to how a dystopian society would be like. It shows how bad society could be like in the future. In this case, WICKED, a scientific government, using experiments to test kids in a cruelRead MoreThe Disenchanted Research Paper3448 Words   |  14 Pagesbetween Halliday’s Jere but The Disenchanted introduced the subject of glamorized failure, in the scene when Manley Halliday is dying and thinks, â€Å"Take it from me, baby, in America nothing fails like success† [Ch. Slow Dissolve] he indeed, is the American failure. Manley Halliday is the perfect thinly disguised Fitzgerald, Schulberg cleverly hides this although in chapter 2 he writes â€Å"Twenty years from now, if we can keep improving our prod ¬uct as much as we have since the War, the Hemingways, Fitz ¬geraldsRead MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pagesrealization, in the rest of the series. Chapter 1 -- Every Trip Is a Quest (Except When It’s Not) The five aspects of the Quest are: (a) a quester, (b) a place to go, (c) a stated reason to go there, (d) challenges and trials en route, and (e) a real reason to go there. â€Å"The real reason for a quest is always self-knowledge.† (Foster pg. 3) Essentially this is a formula that many great writers utilize in their books to help them with their characters just like great mathematicians do to help them solve

Under Milk wood Essay Example For Students

Under Milk wood Essay Dylan Thomas succeeds in conveying a very strong visual impression in the book Under Milk Wood, by using many different techniques. The book is a book for voices, and directed particularly towards radio broadcasting, so when the book is heard, its layout and techniques are much more effective. Thomas is mainly known due to his works of poetry; however, he also enjoyed writing prose. In the book, Thomas achieves a medium, which is intermediate between a play and a poem, which allows and calls for the story to have the characteristics of both. Examples of his poetry can be found in the discussions between Captain Cat and Rosie Probert. Thomas talks directly to the audience by having a narrative voice called First Voice, and which keeps the audiences attention by using a lilting Welsh accent. He changes the mood of the play regularly, simply by change the intensity of the voices. In the book, there are three main voices First Voice, Second Voice, and Captain Cat. Captain Cat is the main character in the book, and the audience immediately associates with him because he is blind and he is a natural bridge between eye and ear for the listener. Captain Cat shares his central position with two anonymous narrators. First Voice is unbiased and only narrates the scene and what is occurring there, rather than Second Voice who narrates the dreams and thoughts of people. Second Voice is a much more personal view of village life in comparison to First Voice who glosses over the people and their lives and talks only about the factual details. Captain Cat and the narrators serve only as an eye for the audience in a certain sense. The play, whether it is heard or on a stage, is meant of for the ear because it imposes no limits on the imagination. There is only one other character who is marginally more important than all the remaining voices in the story, and that is The Guide Book. The guide does not say a vast amount in the book, however it is an important voice because it tells you the details of the town, for example Less than five hundred souls inhabit the three quaint streets. The view of town life that is given to you by the guide life is very much different to that of the people who live there. It uses typical guide book language to try and sell the town of Milk Wood. Thomas uses very auditory language, because it is directed at listeners rather than actors or readers. He uses language, which stimulates the brain and its imagination. A few good examples of the language are You can hear the dew falling and hushed town breathing. The language is very appealing to the ear and not only does it create a visual image in the brain, it also makes you feel like you are there because it tells you what you can hear and smell as well as see. The sentence structure varies throughout the book. Sometimes short choppy sentences are used such as Time Passes. Listen. Time Passes which contrasts enormously to the long descriptive sentences, which often include lists of descriptive phrases. The main techniques that Thomas uses in the book are ways in which aural and imaginary atmospheres are created perfectly. He frequently uses alliteration such as asleep in his bunk in the seashelled, ship-in-bottled, shipshapee cabin, and assonance, like when first voice is describing the town Down to the sloeblack, sloe, black, crowblack fishing boat bobbing sea. Similies, metaphors and personification are also used in order to emphasise the images, the houses are blind as moles and the shops in mourning. Throughout the book, there is a strong use of verbs and adjectives to help the listener to imagine the setting and its happenings. As the contrasting voices are heard, small details which to not have any state of importance by themselves, add an enormous amount to the final setting because they link together to form one large picture. .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .postImageUrl , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:hover , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:visited , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:active { border:0!important; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:active , .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36 .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9c8053f0a1445bb903e4d264afbea36:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The clat of a great achievement EssayThe text is rich in suggestions and atmosphere and challenges and provokes the audience in to thinking about what they are listening to interpret it for themselves. The last section of the book (Evening) is disproportionately shorter than the other sections of the book, and this is due to the fact that Thomas passed away. The Evening section was going to contain a number of ballads, of which only one was completed (Mr Waldos Song) and submitted. The usage of music is a large part of the play because it helps the audience to imagine village life the songs were not performed in a polished and prepared manner, but simply like it was a village person who was going about their usual routine and singing to themselves. In the book, Under Milk Wood, Dylan Thomas succeeds in conveying a very strong visual impression, by using many different techniques. The books layout and techniques are much more effective when the book is book is heard because it is a book for voices, and directed particularly towards radio broadcasting.

Mall Of America Essays - The Mall Luton, Mall Of America

Mall of America David Gutersons narrative about the Mall of America delves into several facets that are embedded throughout the mall both physically and mentally. A vivid description about the malls interior design makes the audience feel like they have visited the mall. Guterson also writes about how people, individually and as a society, are effected psychologically by this pseudo-metropolis. The grandeur of the mall is, without question, second to none. Shoppers are drawn to visit because of all the modern frills contained within. A theme park, arcade, hundreds of shops, and eateries are the staples of the mall, but the gardens, flowers, and trees define the mall as being the best of the best. The atmosphere created by combining Mother Earth with twentieth century technology creates a certain mystique to the mall and gives the shopper a very comfortable place to spend the day or maybe even days. In true American nature, record amounts of money were spent on building the mall, and some workers employed by the mall are or were underpaid. However, Americans thirst for a place they can go to escape from their everyday problems. Our nature is to be materialistic at times, and I really do not see a major problem with indulging ourselves every now and again, but I find a problem when material things are used to determine success, power, and self worth. The Mall of America truly represents America as a society but not as individuals.

Poor Oral Hygiene essays

Poor Oral Hygiene essays Proper care for ones mouth must be maintained to prevent the upsurge and spread of several negative health factors. The warm moist environment provided by ones oral cavity provides perfect breading grounds for disease and bacteria. This build-up can lead to anything as severe as bad breath or even to ultimate disease and death. Proper care of the mouth and ones oral cavity is often something that is ignored by populations and can therefore brute to be a source of problem. Often times rural individuals lack the proper education and facilities to provide the correct oral hygiene needed. Oral hygiene must constantly be addressed by individuals of all populations. Dental professionals have long promoted the idea that prevention is the best medicine. Individuals must be trained to accept maintenance of the mouth as part of the overall oral health program. Education is the key to getting widespread acceptance of using preventative medicine when it comes to caring for ones mouth. This education must begin in the school systems by teaching young children how to care for their teeth. Young children could even be rewarded at a young age for correctly brushing their teeth. This education must not stop with the children, but must then be carried on to the adults and implemented in everyday lifestyles. All populations must understand that care for ones oral cavity is crucial to over positive health of an individual. Once individuals have been educated on how to care for their teeth it is the responsibility of the individual to make appointments to regularly have checkups with their dentist. It is then the dentists responsibility to carry on the process of education by continuing to support proper oral hygiene. Often times poor oral hygiene begins when individuals feel that they are unable to visit their dentist. Financial matters may prevent families from making regular checkups to their...

Wuthering Heights Essay Example

Wuthering Heights Essay Example Wuthering Heights Essay Wuthering Heights Essay Essay Topic: Wuthering Heights Heathcliff is not inherently evil, but rather he is a victim of the judgement and social prejudices of Victorian Society. Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights explores the deep romantic connection between Catherine Linton and the dark-skinned gypsy, Heathcliff and the effect their supernatural relationship has on their heirs. Initially, through Nellys interpretation, Heathcliff is seen as the villain of the novel unjustifiably upsetting the lives of the novels most innocent characters. However, on deeper analysis of Nellys unreliable story, it becomes evident that Heathcliffs satanic actions stem from his deprivation of love and sympathy. As well as societys assumption that he is merely more than an imp from Satan. Heathcliffs villainous actions stem from his lack of love and sympathy as a child. Found as good as dumb in the streets of Liverpool Heathcliff experiences neglect from an early age. Not even after being found by Mr Earnshaw who took to Heathcliff strangely petting him up far above Cathy does Heathcliff ever experience belonging. Through his childhood at Wuthering Heights Heathcliff has to stand Hindleys abuse and be forced to live like a servant after Mr Earnshaws death. This treatment he receives as a child reflects on the way he treats the other characters in the novel, in particular Hareton, who is Heathcliffs opportunity for revenge on Hindley. Hareton is treated by Heathcliff in much the same way as Heathcliff was treated by Hindley after Earnshaws death. Heathcliff reduces Hareton to a state of complete dependence on his fathers inveterate enemy; and lives in his own house as a servant. Though his treatment of Hareton is terrible, it is the only treatment Heathcliff knows. Unlike Hindley, Heathcliff is aware of his treatment, describing Hareton as the ghost of my immortal love; of my wild endeavours to hold my right; my degradation, my pride, my happiness and my anguish. Heathcliffs ability to recognise the similarities between him and Hareton shows his less satanic side and proves that he is not the creator of evil but rather the victim of it. Heathcliffs intense love for Catherine is behind most of his evil actions. Heathcliff falls passionately in love with Catherine and she, too, is passionately in love with Heathcliff claiming hes more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same. However Cathys want of social advancement separates her and Heathcliff as she believes it would degrade me to marry Heathcliff. It is ultimately Catherines connection with Edgar that divides the pair and induces Heathcliffs evil nature. Through Catherines marriage Heathcliff is denied the only love he has ever had which causes him to deny others of love. Catherines daughter, Cathy explains this when she states Mr Heathcliff, you have nobody to love you; and, however miserable you make us, we shall still have the revenge of thinking that your cruelty arises from your greater misery. Heathcliffs greatest misery is the death of Catherine, which intensifies his malicious treatment of Isabella and is the reason for the forced marriage of Linton and Cathy, as they can provide him with money. Without his love all Heathcliff has for fulfilment is money and power over the other characters, this is shown when he insists Cathy return to Wuthering Heights merely so he can have his children about me. However this does not make Heathcliff evil, his occasionally satanic actions are merely a cause of his separation from his only love. The fury of Heathcliffs revenge is the equal and opposite reaction to the intensity of is love, his ability to love proves that he is not an imp of Satan but lonely like the devil, and envious like him. Heathcliffs actions mirror the way the other characters in Wuthering Heights expect him to act. The Victorian Society from which Wuthering Heights is set is highly preoccupied with image and reputation obtained at birth. So therefore Heathcliff, an orphan with no last name, is seen to society as having no social class. From the moment Heathcliff enters the Earnshaw household he is stereotyped as a gypsy brat and a foulmouthed thief, facing torment and abuse from Hindley on a regular basis over his heritage. The other characters in the novel constantly expect him to be doing wrong, and once Catherine deserts him he gives in to their stereotyping. Heathcliff lives up to the expectation that he is a venomous serpent and a mad dog, and commits evil actions because no one expects any different from him. This is shown when Catherine is taken in by the Lintons and Mrs Linton refers to Heathcliff as a wicked boy Quite unfit for a decent house! Heathcliff responds to this comment by recommencing the cursing that caused him to be named a wicked boy and proving to Mrs Linton that he is as he is stereotyped, an urchin from Liverpool. Though Nelly tries to convince the reader otherwise, Heathcliff was not always as devilish as he would stand Hindleys blows without winking or shedding a tear. Heathcliff gives the reader no indication of wanting revenge or causing harm until years after his introduction to the Earnshaw family. This proves that Heathcliff does not enter Wuthering Heights with the intention of causing harm, but rather the constant stereotyping and the expectation that he is as an evil gypsy causes him to become a fierce, pitiless, wolfish man. Heathcliff is a victim of social prejudice rather than a fiend from hell. As Wuthering Heights progresses so too does our understanding of Heathcliff and the complexity of his nature. Though initially Nellys interpretation causes the reader to see Heathcliff as inherently evil, a deeper analysis of his character proves otherwise. Heathcliff is mistreated and denied love and sympathy from an early age which causes him to act in a satanic manner with no regard for the feeling of others. Heathcliffs nature is mainly influenced from his lack of love, his intense feelings for Catherine and societies expectations.

Stratigic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stratigic Management - Essay Example This is designed to achieve the objectives laid down by allocating resources for plan and policy implementation, including the programs and projects an organization undertakes nationally or internationally (Kim and Stimpert 2004, p.39). Strategic management generally offers a way through which a sensible scorecard can be drafted. The scorecard is a means through which an organization will have a clear evaluation of its overall performance and be able to evaluate itself in terms of general business evaluation in view of its progress towards the drawn objectives. Others studies indicate that, there is consistency in terms of strategies only when the actions and behaviors of the organizations get consistent with the set goals and objectives, including the expectations of the management as a team of leadership in the organization. Consistency will be realized when also the actions of the organization are consistent with the market and its context at various stages; because the market sit uations keep fluctuating every now and then (Wheelen and Hunger 2003, p.46).The consistency of the organization is supposed to match up the market changes for its competitive advantage (Deephouse 2006, p.48). Findings show that strategic management involves the board of directors or the management team and key stakeholders who form part of the team that sets objectives and goals of the organization including the allocation of key resources necessary for achieving the goals set. In general, strategic management is essential in helping an organization to formulate and implement policies that assists in aligning it with its environment so that the set goals can be achieved in the end. A global organization needs a good and structured management model depending on its choice of operation, size, and the need to comprehend investor requirements and views. Various strategic management approaches key to the evaluation process of an organization, especially an organization that has global pr esence in foreign markets, exist. Universal (systemic), conventional, ‘evolutionary’, and ‘processaul’ methods. Studies related to these approaches indicate that, descriptive schools give a description on how strategies need to be implemented to achieve the best results for an organization (Pine and Gilmore 2005, p.43) . On the other hand, prescriptive schools of thought are used in designating- the perceived best practices for achieving set goals in line with the objectives. To start with, concerning the strategic management approaches, the strategy formation, which is classical school; emphasizes that the preliminary undertaking in view of strategic management. This involves the formation and dissemination of the vision, and the mission statements of the organization (Kroll 2005, p.60). This gives the organization specifications concerning the scope of activities and the target markets that the organizations intends to serve. This is followed by the perfo rming of situation analysis, contender analysis (internal and external), self-examination, and examination of both micro and macro environments of a business. The organization and its historical background The basis of this discussion will largely explore global strategies revolving around Dell Inc. as an international business. According to studies, Michael Dell in Texas founded Dell as a multinational information business organization in mid 1980s; it had its

Death March Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death March Project - Essay Example However, most commonly seen results of high level risk evaluation are a blend of the risks and constraints (Pearson Higher Education). Some of the common causes of Death March projects are politics, politics, and politics. Though, the majority of software developers and programmers guarantee that they would not intervene in politics, fairly for the reason that they have learned that they are not extremely good at playing political games, however as well for the reason that they believe that all about politics is revolting. Unfortunately, avoiding politics is also not easy for software developers. In fact, the moment two or more people contribute in various joint corporate activities, politics is involved. However, when politics turns out to be the leading â€Å"driving force† in a huge and complicated project, the project is probable to worsen into a death march (Pearson Higher Education; Yourdon, 1997). Basically, the Death March project is one for which the budget, schedule, staff, or property is 50 to 100 % less than what they should be. Here comes a question in our mind, why are these limitations being placed on the same operational and working project? Though, there are numerous potential clarifications for this question; however in many cases, the response is just â€Å"politics.† It can be a controlled struggle between two determined vice presidents or directors in our business, or the project can have been established to fail as a form of payback upon a number of managers who paced on the wrong goes at the incorrect time. Simply, the causes can be infinite (Pearson Higher Education; Yourdon, 1997). In addition, there is only a small possibility that we will get the politicians to confess what is going on; though, if someone is a technical staff associate, it is not difficult to ask our project manager whether the whole Death March project is a political pretense. Despite the fact that if project team members are not involved in politics, a s well as even if they think they are a political novice, they should listen cautiously to the answer of their manager provides to them. Though, they are not stupid, as well as the project is not that inexperienced. If they have a 6th sense that there is a number of ugly politics dominating the whole project, probabilities are that they are right; and if they direct supervisor gives an immature, vague, or carefully unconvincing answer to their queries, they should draw their own endings. It can be considered in another scenario, for instance if our project sounds similar to something straight out of a â€Å"Dilbert† cartoon, probabilities are that it will be the type of Death March project in which no rational person would desire to be concerned (Pearson Higher Education; Yourdon, 2004; RATZBURG, 2010). I have outlined below some of the useful steps that can be taken to make sure that we stay healthy and happy while completing our project: If the development project is very m uch significant, then it is value taking the time to complete it fine. Without doubt project teams want to finish things as rapidly as probable, however implementing an impractical deadline does not make sure that their project gets the notice it justify (Yourdon, 1997; Wright, 2010; Egeland, 2012). In addition, we need to

The Knight And His Internal Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Knight And His Internal Conflict Essay The introduction of the Knight in Chaucer’s â€Å"General Prologue† of The Canterbury Tales, albeit brief, presents an interesting, enigmatic portrait of a character whose external appearance seems to provide a cover for what might be a conflicted spirit underneath. In a way, the Knight embodies the concept, to borrow from the film Billy Jack, is a â€Å"war hero who hated the war† and whose personal discipline is what keeps chinks in the armor of his psyche from degenerating. From the outset, the Knight is presented to the reader as a noble hero whose personal sense of honor is what separates him from the other pilgrims. Examine how Chaucer describes the character in the initial lines that introduce the Knight: A knight there was, and he a worthy man, Who, from the moment that he first began, To ride about the world, loved chivalry, Truth, honour, freedom and all courtesy, Full worthy was he in his liege-lords war, And therein had he ridden (none more far) The portrait that Chaucer paints here is that, in his heart, the Knight is a good person with a high sense of personal discipline and moral values. Through his entry into military service, the Knight undertakes the responsibility to fight in his â€Å"liege-lord’s war† which is essentially the conduit for the Knight’s personal, internal values of nobility to be put into action through his service in his Lord’s â€Å"noble† wars. The Knight’s forays into various wars were significant in terms of volumes and intensity. From the description that Chaucer provides, we learn that the Knight essentially found himself in the middle of a perpetual state of war as he was sent to foreign land after foreign land to conquer and pillage in the name of his Lord. In terms of his prolific involvement in numerous battles, Chaucer writes: When they were won; and on the Middle Sea At many a noble meeting chanced to be. Of mortal battles he had fought fifteen, And hed fought for our faith at Tramissene, Three times in lists, and each time slain his foe From here, the narrator is clearly defining the character to the reader as a man whose moral character far exceeds that of normal men as the Knight is presented in a highly idealized manner. This description shows the Knight as a man of action serving his Lord and, more importantly, the Knight is presented as a war hero who successfully battled infidels in a series of 15 military actions without losing his sanity. Chaucer points out that the Knight not only survived the 15 military incursions in which he was involved, but he rose to the occasion and performed with a sense of valor and honor in such a world of bloodlust. This concept of remaining noble in war shows that despite the horror and bloodlust of the wars around him, the Knight did not â€Å"crack† and loose his composure. Keep in mind, during the Crusades, the ability for the soldiers to receive food and supplies was compromised as the opposing Islamic factions repeatedly would severe supply lines in an attempt to starve the Crusaders. The result of this is that the Crusaders would routinely go berserk and raid and pillage villages for food. The fact that Chaucer presents the Knight as noble and not a victim of combat stress shows that the Knight’s moral character remained strong enough to maintain his sanity in a war zone, mainly because the Knight detached himself from the carnage of the war and reached inside to he personal code of chivalry to maintain his composure. This detachment, however, would not maintain when the Knight left the battlefield, as he The seems to struggle with the internal manifestation of unresolved feelings and guilt about the war. Per Chaucer’s description: Though so illustrious, he was very wise, And bore himself as meekly as a maid. He never yet had any vileness said, In all his life, to whatsoever wight. He was a truly perfect, gentle knight. But now, to tell you all of his array, His steeds were good, but yet he was not gay. Of simple fustian wore he a jupon, Sadly discoloured by his habergeon; Here, the narrator shows the â€Å"chinks in the armor† of the Knight’s psyche. This passage clearly demonstrates that the Knight’s disposition displays a sense of sadness and alienation. Since the Knight has been starkly drawn as a character who is inseparable with the wars he fought, then the root of the sadness must have been from his experience in the war. In terms of the Knight’s outward personality, the experiences he faced in the war greatly humbled him as the time spent in the wars has clearly disillusioned him. (â€Å"His steeds were good, yet he was not gay.†) Perhaps the reason that the Knight goes on the pilgrimage is so he can find in himself that part of his spirit and his soul that he left on the battlefield. Yes, the Knight embodies all that was noble, but at what cost? So the Knight can live a life that is consumed by the guilt he feels about his experiences on the battlefield?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Knight remains one of the most intriguing characters in all of Canterbury Tales, the reason for this is the fact that the Knight is a noble, but internally conflicted character whose motives for the pilgrimage appear to be driven by disillusionment and guilt.

Henry James The Wings of the Dove Essay -- Henry James Wings Dove Ess

Henry James' The Wings of the Dove This paper will present briefly Henry James and his thoughts about the art of fiction that is presented by his same titled essay before thoroughly analyzing his novel: The Wings of the Dove. James’ ideas on his article The Art of Fiction will be applied to The Wings of the Dove and the narrative style that he uses will be indicated by certain quotations taken from the novel. James had read classics of English, American, French, and German literature and Russian classics in translation. His models were Dickens, Balzac, and Hawthorne. Then, there is a harness of French, British, and American culture in his works. His first novel, Watch and Ward (1871) was written while he was travelling through Venice and Paris. James wrote novels that portrayed Americans living abroad during his first years in Europe. He is a very important literary figure both in American and British culture. However, he loves Europe and this fact gives us a clue about his interest in different cultures that come out as American characters traveling abroad in most of his novels. James’ approach to the civilization is presented as: Henry James, at the other extreme, never ceased to regard America as essentially an outlying region of European, more specifically of Anglo-Saxon, civilization . . . Henry James was a patriot to his race, and his final transfer of citizenship, though immediately called forth by his sense of America’s procrastination in the World War, was but the outward sign of a temperamental repatriation already complete.1 In fact, the outbreak of World War I was a shock for James and in July 1915 he became a British citizen in protest against the U.S.’ refusal to enter the war. He was sensitive on n... ...elham. The Art of the Novel. New York: Russell &Russell, 1966. Forster, E.M. Roman SanatÄ ±. Trans.ÃÅ"nal Aytà ¼r. Ä °stanbul: Adam YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, 1985. Introductory Notes on Henry James . 14 Dec 2001 . Michalski, Robert. â€Å"Spirit and Material Possession in the Supernatural Fiction of Henry James†. 14 Dec 2001 . Myers, Cathleen. Rev. of â€Å"Washington Square and Wings of the Dove†. 7 Nov 2001 . Wagenknecht, Edward. The Novels of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1983. Zervos, Kathry. â€Å"The Subtext of Violance in Henry James’ The Wings of the Dove: The Sacrificial Crisis†. 21 Nov 2001 . . .

Critically Evaluate the Contributions of Functionalism to the Study of Society Essay

Critically evaluate the contributions of functionalism to the study of society. Functionalist theory is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It can be argued that the functionalist theory has made a significant contribution to the study of society. It originates from the work of Emile Durkheim who suggests that social order is possible and society remains stable due to the functioning of several institutions. Everything has a specific function in society and society will always function in harmony. The main institutions studied by functionalism are the family, the education system, religion and crime and deviance. Murdock argues that the family performs four basic functions in all societies – sexual, reproductive, economic and educational. These four basic functions are essential for social life since without the sexual and reproductive functions there would be no members of society, without the economic function life would cease and without education there would be no socialisation or culture. Without these four basic functions human society could not survive. The family does not perform these functions alone however it makes important contributions to them all. Murdock is often criticised for his picture of the family as he did not consider whether its functions could be performed by other social institutions and he does not examine alternatives to the family. Equally, Murdock illustrates the nuclear family as very harmonious and perfect. There are many ill-functioning families in society which Murdock fails to examine and explain. What is the function of families when the husband and wife fail to have an integrated division of labour and have a healthy sexual relationship? Talcott Parsons offers an alternative view of the functions of the family and suggests it serves two purposes: primary socialisation and the stabilisation of the adult personality. Primary socialisation refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood, which take place mainly within the family. This is important in contributing to society as our parents supposedly bring their offspring up to grow to be well-behaved, obedient individuals with the right values to help society function. The stabilisation of adult personalities emphasises on the marriage relationship and emotional security the couple provides for each other. This acts to counteract the stresses of everyday life and keep the personality stable. Parsons claims that the family therefore provides a context in which husband and wife can express their childish feelings, give and receive emotional support, recharge their batteries and so stabilise their personalities. However, Parsons’ views on the family are criticised for being incomplete and idealising the family with his picture of well-adjusted children and sympathetic spouses caring for each other unconditionally. It is a over-optimistic and modernist and has little relationship to reality, because as mentioned before, not all families function perfectly. Similarly to Murdock, Parsons also fails to examine alternatives to the family which may provide the same functions for the development of society. The overall functionalist theory on the family is criticised by Marxism, feminists and some postmodernists. A Marxist would argue that the function of the family is to serve capitalism. Some feminists would argue that the function of the family is for women to serve men and that families are so diverse it is hard to argue that the family has a purpose. Some postmodernists suggest that the nuclear family is not as common as it seems and that there are now many diversities of families due to cultural and social changes. These views are clearly in conflict with the views of functionalism; therefore it allows us to question their validity. Functionalism also has its set of views on the education system. Emile Durkheim claimed that the main function of education was to transmit society’s norms and values through generations. Social solidarity is essential for the welding of mass individuals into a united whole. Functionalists such as Durkheim argue that education builds a sense of commitment and belonging to a society and a belief that the whole of society is more important than a single individual. Durkheim argued, ‘to become attached to society, they will come to see that they are part of something larger themselves; they will develop a sense of commitment to the social group’. Durkheim also claimed that the school serves a function which cannot be provided by the family the peer group. Individuals must learn to cooperate with those who are neither their family nor their friends. In this way, children learn to respect authority figures, such as teachers, and get along with other members of society they would be forced to interact with in later life such as bosses and colleagues. These social interactions are essential for keeping society harmoniously balanced and functioning. Durkheim claimed that along with teaching us to interact with different social groups, education serves to strictly reinforce school rules and ensure that children realise that these should be followed. Punishments should reflect the seriousness of the damage done to the social group by the offence and teach individuals that it is wrong to act against the interests of the social group as a whole. In Durkheim’s words: ‘it is by respecting the school rules that the child learns to respect rules in general, that he develops the habit of self-control and restraint simply because he should control and restrain himself. It is the first initiation into the austerity of duty. Serious life has now begun’. Durkheim finally argues that education teaches individuals specific skills necessary for their future occupations. Schools transmit both general values which provide the necessary skills for social survival. Industrial society is united by value consensus and a specialised division of labour whereby specialists combine to produce goods and services. Education is essential for this because it trains individuals to develop the skills which will be useful for their future occupations. In the current education system children are given the opportunity to learn technical and practical skills as well as academic skills which all come together to help society function. However, Durkheim is criticised for several reasons. Firstly, he assumes that societies have a shared culture which can be transmitted through the education system. Britain for example is now multi-cultural and it is therefore debatable whether there is a single culture on which schools could base their curriculum. If a school bases their curriculum on a single culture they are often accused of ethnocentrism, which is a difficult issue to overcome when schools bring together children of many different cultural backgrounds and ethnicities. Secondly, his views on the education system are in conflict with those of Marxism, which argues that education serves to transmit a dominant culture and serve the interests of the ruling class rather than the members of society as a whole. Finally, functionalism has its views on the way crime and deviance applies to society. Functionalism looks at society as a whole and looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society rather than in the individual. Social control mechanisms such as the police and courts are argued to be necessary to keep order in society. Durkheim argues that crime is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments of society. Durkheim also claims that crime can be functional because all social change begins with some form of deviance and a certain amount of social change is healthy for society. Merton, 1968, argued that deviance results from the culture and structure of society itself. Since members in society are placed in different positions in the social structure, for example different social classes, they do not all have equal opportunities. This situation can generate deviance – for example, members of the lower classes, such as the working or under class may resort to crime due to their position in the social structure because they are deprived of things essential for survival. Merton also outlined the five responses to cultural goals: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. The first way in which society can respond to cultural goals is through conformity. Members of society conform both to success goals and to the normative means of reaching them. They strive for success by accepted means. The second response is innovation in which individuals reject normative means of reaching success and turn to deviant means such as crime. Merton argues that members of the lower social strata are more likely to select this route to success. Merton claims that they have little access to conventional and legitimate means of becoming successful. Low qualifications mean little opportunity for jobs and advancement since their route to success is blocked. Therefore they turn to crime, which promises greater rewards than legitimate means. Membership of the lower social strata is not alone enough to produce deviance however – pressures from society contribute to an individuals need to deviate. The third response is known as ritualism. Those who select this as an alternative are deviant because they have largely abandoned the commonly held success goals. Members of the lower middle class who have less opportunity than other members of the middle class are likely to take the path of ritualism. However, they have been strongly socialised to conform to social norms so they do not turn to crime. They scale down or abandon their success goals. Ritualists are deviant because they have rejected the success goals held by most members of society. The fourth and least common response is retreatism which applies to ‘psychotics, chronic alcoholics and drug addicts’. They have strongly internalised both the cultural goals and institutionalised means, however they are unable to achieve success. They resolve their situation by abandoning both the goals and the means of reaching them. They ‘drop out’ of society defeated and resigned by their failure. They are deviant in two ways: they have rejected both the cultural goals and the institutionalised means. The fifth and final response is rebellion. This involves both rejection of both success goals and institutionalised means and replaces them with their own different goals and means. They wish to create a new society. Merton says ‘it is typically members of a rising class rather than the most depressed strata who organise the resentful and the rebellious into a revolutionary group’. Hannon and Defronzo, 1998, carried out a study which gives empirical support for Merton’s five stages. In a study of 406 metropolitan counties in the USA, they found that those with higher levels of welfare provision had lower levels of crime. They argued that the welfare provision opened up opportunities for people to achieve the goal of material success. They argued that the welfare provision opened up opportunities for people to achieve the goal of material success through legitimate means and therefore reduced anomie and the crime which could result from it. However, critics have argued that Merton’s five stages neglect the power relationships in society as a whole within which deviance and conformity occur. Taylor, 1971, criticised Merton for not carrying out his analysis far enough and failing to consider who makes the laws and who benefits from them. The whole game may have been rigged by the powerful with rules that guarantee their success. These rules may be the laws of society. Merton is also criticised for being deterministic because it fails to explain why some people who experience effects of anomie do not become criminals or deviant. It over-exaggerates working-class crime and underestimates middle-class and white collar crime. Furthermore, Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973, criticise that Merton’s theory cannot account for politically motivated criminals such as freedom fighters who break the law because of commitment to their cause rather than the effects of anomie. In conclusion, functionalism has made great contribution to the study of society as it offers explanations for the functions of the major institutions in society. However, the whole functionalist theory is based around the idea that these institutions serve to keep society functioning and harmonious. Almost all their ideas are criticised by Marxism, which suggests the complete opposite – that all institutions serve the interests of the ruling class and capitalism rather than serving the needs of the general members of society as a whole. As shown above, we can compare perspectives such as Marxism, feminism and postmodernism with functionalism to assess its advantages and disadvantages. The functionalist theory is an important perspective widely covering most aspects of society, however it falls flat where it is criticised for being too deterministic and failing to consider the chaos and disorganisation in society.

Did strategy drive war or did war drive strategy in early modern and modern France?

The question on whether it was strategy that drove the war or war that drove strategy can only be answered by first examining the assertions of the question. In staking the claim that it was indeed strategy that drove the war, the basic assumption is that there was superior strategy that could dictate the outcome of the war. This presupposes that the resulting war was a product of keen strategy. In asserting the second part of the claim, strategy is seen as a component of war in that the unpredictable outcome of war necessitated the employment of strategy for victory.While it seems that neither of these statements can co-exist, the reality is that there was a time when strategy did drive the war in early modern and modern France and there was also a time when it could be gainsaid that war did drive strategy. In modern French warfare, it will be noted that Joffre, the leading French strategist during the First World War, maintained and promoted an offensive strategy with the French ar my.He was convinced that the only way to assure victory was to adopt an offensive strategy and this is what drove the war and brought France to the brink of disaster. His steadfast adherence to his strategy despite his recognition of the changing war scenario made it difficult to pursue any progress. It is through this same example, however, that having war drive strategy becomes clear. If Joffre had not been able to adjust his strategy according to the dictates of war, the French would have surely suffered disastrous losses at the Champagne Offensive.There is no arguing the statement that indeed strategy may sometimes be an illusion. While the statement of Betts may hold true, it overlooks the fact that both states of strategy may exist, as a driver and as driven. In the first case, strategy initially drives any war, before the occurrence it influences the initiative. Once it has begun, however, there is a need to adjust in case the outcome does not conform to the predictions of th e strategy. There is no hard and fast rule for this as the case of Joffre has shown.

The script of the Crucible Essays

The script of the Crucible Essays The script of the Crucible Paper The script of the Crucible Paper In The Crucible there are many highly dramatic scenes where Miller creates a great deal of tension and emotion in the audience. Imagine you are directing a production of The Crucible. Describe how you would stage these scenes and how you would build up tension and emotion in your audience. The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, was written in America in the 1950s. It depicts an eye-opening analogy between the Salem witch-hunt in 1692 and the McCarthy communist trials in 1950s America. In fact, Miller used some of the exact recorded speech from the McCarthy trials in the script of The Crucible. While watching The Crucible the audience should remember that the people of Salem were devotedly puritan, and so anything that contradicted the commandments, or any part of the Bible would be heavily frowned upon. And so, within the context of the play, could be turned in to signs of witchcraft by people manipulating the truth. At the end of Act III Elizabeth denies that Proctor has had an affair after Proctor has admitted to it. If she tells the truth it would have cast strong doubts across Abigails accusations. Afterwards Hale- perhaps too late- tells the court he believes Proctor. Abigail, showing her ruthless resourcefulness again, pretends Mary is sending her spirit on her. Danforth believes her. Mary, due to the pressure from Danforth, the threat of death, and the girls hysteria accuses Proctor of witchcraft and returns to Abigail. Proctor and Giles are arrested at the end of the act. When Elizabeth is called in to the court I think she should be led in from the back of the auditorium, which will build up suspense and tension in the audience. I would group the girls on stage left, with Abigail slightly nearer the centre and facing back. The girls should stare wide-eyed at Elizabeth. Proctor should stand the mirrored position of Abigail, again facing back. Hale should be close to him, but further right, looking nervously, but slightly expectantly, at Elizabeth. This should show the audience how the pressure has all been shifted to Elizabeth. Danforth should stand down centre facing out, and when Elizabeth reaches the stage she should stand close in front of him facing towards him. This should create a dramatic triangle between Elizabeth, Proctor, and Abigail. This should symbolise Elizabeths dilemma. Whether to denounce Abigail and keep to her Christian convictions, or to save Johns name from shame. Elizabeth is called in to confirm Proctors claim that he and Abigail had an Affair. Proctor is certain she will tell the truth, as she never lies. He says that in her life she have never lied. This should create suspense in the audience, as they can sense Elizabeths dilemma, but know what John expects her to do. This is one of the points in the scene where one of the characters could have changed to outcome of the play. When Elizabeth denies her husband is a lecher replying timidly to Danforths ferocity No, sir I would have the whole court freeze except Elizabeth and a spotlight on her when she says the line No, sir, then instantly the lights should come back up, and the action continue. This should again build up huge tension in the audience in the wait for Elizabeths decision. When it comes the will be very taken aback, but will not be given time to recover as the action will continue quickly. The speed of Danforths reaction seems to suggest that this was the answer he wanted, as it is quick and dismissive of the appeals. This is shown as he immediately orders the Marshal to Remove her. This I think is because if she had not denied the affair it would have also left serious questions about Danforths skills of judgement. Hale then tells the court that he believe s Proctor and tells the court he has always struck me true. I think the audience would be thinking this has come too late. To emphasise this Danforth should ignore him, walking back to his bench, not even turning to say, she spoke nothing of lechery, and this man has lied. During this I would make Proctor place his head in his hands, and the girls passing very discreet smirks between one another. When Hale says [pointing at Abigail] This girl has always struck me false. She has- and Abigail cuts him off. Here we again see how Abigail uses her position of power in the court. She suddenly cuts in about the yellow bird saying You will not! Begone! Begone, I say! this suddenly draws attention away from the people who are doubting her.

Topic Areas of Environmental Sociology

Topic Areas of Environmental Sociology Environmental sociology is a subfield of the wider discipline in which researchers and theorists focus on the relationships between society and the environment. The subfield took shape following the environmental movement of the 1960s. Within this subfield, sociologists might examine specific institutions and structures like law, politics, and economy, and their relationships to environmental conditions; and also on the relationship between group behavior and environmental conditions, like for example the environmental implications of waste disposal and recycling. Importantly, environmental sociologists also study how environmental conditions affect the everyday lives, economic livelihood, and public health of populations. Environmental Sociology Topic Areas Climate change  is arguably the most important topic of research among environmental sociologists today. Sociologists investigate the human, economic, and political causes of climate change, and they investigate the effects that climate change has on many aspects of social life, like behavior, culture, values, and the economic health of populations experiencing its effects. Central to the sociological approach to climate change is the study of the relationship between economy and environment. A key analytic focus within this subfield is the particular effects that a capitalist economyone premised on continual growthhas on the environment. Environmental sociologists who study this relationship might focus on the implications of consumption of natural resources in processes of production, and methods of production and resource recapture that aim to be sustainable, among other things. The relationship between energy and environment is another important topic among environmental sociologists today. This relationship is intimately connected to the first two listed, as the burning of fossil fuels to power industry is recognized by climate scientists to be the central driver of global warming, and thus climate change. Some environmental sociologists who focus on energy study the way different populations think about energy use and its implications, and how their behavior is connected to these ideas; and they might study the way energy policy shapes behavior and outcomes. Politics, law, and public policy, and the relationships these have to environmental conditions and problems are also areas of focus among environmental sociologists. As institutions and structures that shape corporate and individual behavior, they have indirect effects on the environment. Sociologists who focus on these areas investigate topics like the extent to which and through what mechanisms laws regarding emissions and pollution are enforced; how people act collectively to shape them; and the forms of power that might enable or prevent them from doing so, among other things. Many environmental sociologists study the relationship between social behavior and environment. In this area there is a large degree of overlap between environmental sociology and the sociology of consumption, as many sociologists recognize the important and consequential relationships between consumerism  and consumer behavior, and environmental problems and solutions. Environmental sociologists also examine how social behaviors, like the  use of transportation, consumption of energy, and waste and recycling practices, shape environmental outcomes, as well as how environmental conditions shape social behavior. Another important area of focus among environmental sociologists is the relationship between inequality and environment. Numerous studies have documented that income, racial, and gender inequality make the populations that experience them more likely to experience negative environmental outcomes like pollution, proximity to waste, and lack of access to natural resources. The study of environmental racism is, in fact, a specific area of focus within environmental sociology. Environmental sociologists continue to study these relationships today, and the way populations and institutions respond to them, and they also examine them on a global scale, looking at the way populations among nations have differing relationships to the environment based on relative privilege and wealth. Notable Environmental Sociologists Notable environmental sociologists today include John Bellamy Foster, John Foran, Christine Shearer, Richard Widick, and Kari Marie Norgaard. The late Dr. William Freudenberg is considered an important pioneer in this subfield who made great contributions to it, and Indian scientists and activist Vandana Shiva is considered an honorary environmental sociologist by many. Where to Find More Information on Environmental Sociology To learn more about this vibrant and growing subfield of sociology, visit the website for the American Sociological Associations section on Environment and Technology, and review the research published in journals like  Environmental Sociology, Human Ecology, Nature and Culture, Organization and Environment, Population and Environment, Rural Sociology, and Society and Natural Resources. Students interested in pursuing environmental sociology will find many undergraduate programs with a focus in this area, as well as an increasing number of graduate sociology and interdisciplinary programs that offer specialized study and training.

Criminal Law - Casey Anthony Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Law - Casey Anthony Trial - Essay Example This has caused mix reactions from lawyers and the general public with some arguing that Casey was guilty of the murder. Nevertheless, before any judgment is reached, the jury is required to follow the due process of the law to ascertain whether the defendant is guilty of the charges or not. One such is that the accused must prove beyond doubt that the defendant actually committed the alleged crime and providing evidence to that effect. This paper will explore the facts of the case the evidence provided and ruling. It will also analyze the circumstances of the case to ascertain why the jury acquitted Casey of the charges. Caylee Marie Anthony, a two-year-old girl, was found dead on December 11, 2008, after having been reported missing on 5 July 2008 from their home in Orlando, Florida where she had been staying with her mother. The report was delivered by Cindy Anthony, one of her grandparents through a 9-1-1, who said that Cindy had not been seen for more than a month, and her mother’s car produce a smell as if a decaying body was inside it. In his report, he gave an account of how her mother had provided inconsistent explanations regarding Cindy’s whereabouts an only admitted not having seen her for some weeks. When asked by the detectives, Casey made-up stories, which included informing the detectives that an anonymous nanny had kidnapped her daughter on June 9 and that she had been searching for her. She also told the detectives that she failed to report the matter to the authorities mainly because she was frightened (Turley, 2011). As the search continued for Caylee, her mother Casey was charged with murder, but pleaded not guilty. However, Caylee’s skeletons were found in a wooded area next to their home on December 11. At the time her body was found, there was also a tape found next to the skull just next to the mouth. A medical report indicated that Caylee might have been killed using the tape. The trial continued for six from May to July 5, 2011, when the jury acquitted her of murder charges but convicted of a misdemeanour for lying to the police officers during investigations (Shahani, 2011).  

Paternal Influences on Ethical Decision Making of Senior Leaders in Assignment

Paternal Influences on Ethical Decision Making of Senior Leaders in the Health Care Industry - Assignment Example m, International Olympic Committee, Enron, Tyco, Qwest Communications International, Duke Energy, Bristol-Myers Squibb, etc, as well as the sex scandal in the Catholic church, have resulted in a loss of confidence in the management and leadership of these large corporations and institutions. As a consequence, investors have become unnerved and the jolts have shaken international markets. No wonder that a CBS poll taken in the fall of 2002 finds that 79% of respondents believe questionable business practices are widespread and only fewer than one third thinks that CEOs are honest (Wallington, 2003). These companies have all come to the time light for the wrong reasons. As a result, the role of the CEO in ethical dilemmas has come under increased scrutiny. While ethical lapses occur at all the levels of organizations, senior executives who fail to set high ethical standards and live by them are senior leaders in organizations assume the responsibility to display high ethical and moral values in their conduct both within the organization and outside. However, many instances have come to where they discard this significant aspect subjected to scrutiny and held accountable for the consequences of unethical practices, damaging the interests of employees, shareholders and the society at large. CEOs and other senior leaders such as members of Boards of Directors are expected to provide role models and help develop and entrench the ethical belief system for all members of the organization. However, when these leaders fail in their commitment to stand up to the ethical responsibilities, the negative impact of their ethical transgressions will remain long after the leader has been punished. Instances of unethical conduct by senior leaders, which entail serious repercussions, have prompted the need to identify background factors, socialization practices, or early childhood experiences that may account for such behavior in adulthood. Thus, an interest has developed in

Independence of Women in Marriage in the Medieval Era Essay

Independence of Women in Marriage in the Medieval Era - Essay Example Furthermore, since a man writes her prologue, we cannot help but think about why he wrote it. This imaginary character gives Chaucer a chance to address several subjects that might have been forbidden during his time. By making use of irony and wittiness, Chaucer is able to construct statements regarding women and how they are dealt with. It is ought to be noted that Chaucer was definitely seeking to embody a woman's voice. Actually, by creating the Wife of Bath, we can presume he wanted to produce a memorable personality in her. In her Prologue as part of "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath offers readers a complex portrait of a medieval woman. On the one hand, The Wife of Bath is shameless about her sexual exploits and the way she uses sexual power to obtain what she wishes. Alternatively, by doing precisely these things she is bearing out unconstructive stereotypes regarding women and showing that women are manipulative and deceiving. Although her performances might at first appear to be uprising against the male-dominated culture in The Canterbury Tales, and more commonly, the medieval era for women, there is very slight that she does that is in fact revolutionary or making powerful women of her time. Based even just on her introduction in "The Canterbury Ta... be seen as a parody of sorts since she embodies a number of negative female characteristics including stupidity and arrogance; deceitfulness, and lewdness. Although she is striking back at men it is not for any deeper reason other than personal profit. It appears that in this section of the prologue to the Wife of Bath's tale, Chaucer wants his readers to laugh at this character rather than admire her for her proto-feminist stances on life and marriage. If the wife character in the Wife of Bath is meant to destroy the label of women, one could visualize that she would employ in intellectual and informed discussion with some of the constituents of her party. As it positions, however, the nearest she comes to this is by presenting her twisted consideration of the Bible. Rather conceitedly she declares in one of the significant quotes from The Canterbury Tales (and The Wife of Bath's Tale particularly), "Men may divine and glosen up and down / But well woot I express withouten lie / God bad us for to wexe and multiplye / That gentil text can I wel understone" (lines 26-30). While it can be found in the Bible that humans should procreate, it is worth noting that she prefaces this statement with a few words about how men sit and interpret the Bible. In her Prologue in the "Canterbury Tales" by Chaucer, the Wife of Bath is claiming that she too is capable of doing this and that the text is not beyond her reach. Yet, the setback with this is that she is not confirming anything about her cleverness; she is simply trying to prove or defend her loose actions along with the word of God. The Wife's symbolic techniques, however unscrupulous, achieve the desired results. The spectators cannot present instantaneous counter-arguments, and if we visualize her in the dramatic condition

From personal experience Essay Example for Free

From personal experience Essay Life is a long journey. We are all bestowed with good and not-so-good moments in our life. As we grow older, we tend to face the hardships of the world. These days, lots of cobwebs have settled around and it feels as if we have totally forgotten the simple pleasures of life. During our stay in MFV Jose Law Office, or Opis as what we call it, we experienced a lot of things some were stressful, but most of the time, it was blissful. We experienced journeying into the unknown parts of the Philippines, from Kalookan, to Fairview, to Malabon, Tondo, and other places we thought we’d never go to. We experienced doing things that was very alien to us like using a Stenographic Typewriter, reading SCRA and SCRI, talking with other lawyers (in English), interviewing clients, and many others. Also the Flexible time, for someone like me, it was really germane. I wonder where I could find another office that has a flexible time and still pays me for a whole day. I also experienced being scolded by a court sheriff for taking pictures inside the court room. It was a very embarrassing experience, albeit a good and funny one. In fact, this is one of the reason I would never forget being in the Opis. Being with great and funny supervisors really made our stay in the Opis very worthwhile; in fact I don’t mind the transportation fee, because when I’m in the Opis, it feels like I’m also at home. And the best thing for me in being in the Opis, is the food. Hunger is not an option when in the office, whenever sir Ferds, or the other lawyers drop by, there’s always a pasalubong. And the best of the best things: we can take-out the rest, whether it’s yellow cab, angels’ pizza, Greenwich, or any food. During our college days, we often face many difficulties, many problems, but unto one side of the stories, there are those people, the people who help shape us into someone better. The reason why we are able to surpass this obstacles. I would like to take this opportunity to say Thank you to our wonderful supervisors, you really deserve to be called ‘supers’.

Soliloquies Essay - A Powerful Soliloquy in Macbeth -- Macbeth essays

A Powerful Soliloquy in Macbeth The play ‘Macbeth’ uses soliloquies with great effect to express the thoughts of individual characters, particularly in the case of the protagonist, Macbeth. In Act V Scene V, strong words from Macbeth convey to the reader two themes of the play.   This soliloquy demonstrates the play's use of irony and the use of the disparity between the great opposition of light and darkness as symbols for both life and death.   This soliloquy is quite significant to the play as a whole since it demonstrates two very important themes as well as leading to a better understanding of Macbeth. Macbeth is talking to an officer, when hearing of his wife's demise his mood suddenly deepens into that of emptiness.   He begins a soliloquy and states a number of ironic things.   He states that life drags on, that it "creeps in this petty pace" when in reality the speed of his actions and the development of the play's plot are taking place at a great speed.   Furthermore he goes on to describe life as a "brief candle," thus communicating that life’s opposite; death must therefore be an eternal darkness.   Throughout the play, the character Macbeth has longed for death, perhaps so that he can be unleashed from his worldly pain and guilt. He goes... ...arkness, pain, and insignificant. Works Cited and Consulted: Biggins, Dennis. "Light and Darkness in Macbeth." Shakespeare Studies VII (1975) Gilligan, Carol. Irony in Macbeth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982 Kinney, Arthur F. ed. William Shakpespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Hall and Company, 1985. Noble, Adrian. "At age 436, His Future is Unlimited." New York Times 23 Apr. 2000, late ed., sec. 2:5. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature. Sixth ed. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997. "William Shakespeare." BBC Homepage. Online. Available . 26 Mar. 2004.

Notorious BIG

After freeing themselves from Mongol domination by 1480, the Russians pushed eastward. Russia, with its Byzantine-influenced culture, had been unimportant in world affairs before the fifteenth century Russia's Expansionist Politics under the Tsars. During the fourteenth century, the duchy of Moscow took the lead in liberating Russia from the Mongols. Ivan Ill gave his government a military focus and used a blend of nationalism and the Orthodox Christian religion Creating a large independent state The Need for Revival Mongols had not reshaped basic Russian culture.However, reduced the vigor of cultural and economic life Literacy declined and the economy became purely agricultural and dependent on peasant labor. Ivan Ill restored the tradition of centralized rule, added a sense of imperial mission, and claimed supervision of all Orthodox Churches Russia, asserted Ivan, had succeeded Byzantium as the Third Rome. Ivan IV continued the policy of expansion He increased the power of the tsa r by killing many of the nobility (boyars)†earning the name of Ivan the Terrible Patterns of Expansion. Territorial expansion focused on central Asia.By the sixteenth century, they moved into Western Siberia Peasant adventurers (cossacks) were recruited to occupy the new lands. Loyal nobles and bureaucrats received land grants in the territories The conquests gave Russia increased agricultural regions and labor sources Slavery existed into the eighteenth century Important trading connections opened with Asian neighbors. Russia eliminated independent central Asia as a source of nomadic invasions Russia became a multicultural state. The large Muslim population was not forced to assimilate to Russian culture. Western Contact and Romanov PolicyThe tsars, mindful of the cultural and economic lag occurring under Mongol rule, also began a policy of carefully managed contacts with the West. Ivan Ill dispatched diplomatic missions to leading Western states under Ivan ‘V, British merchants established trading contacts. Italian artists brought in by the tsars built churches and the Kremlin, creating a distinct style of architecture When Ivan IV died without an heir early in the seventeenth century, the Time of Troubles commenced. The boyars tried to control government, while Sweden and Poland seized territory. In 1613, the oyars chose a member of the Romanov family, Michael, as tsar.The Time of Troubles ended without placing lasting constraints on the tsar's power. Michael restored internal order, drove out the foreign invaders, and recommenced imperial expansion. Alexis Romanov increased the tsar's authority by abolishing the because conservative believers resisted changes to their established rituals. The government exiled these â€Å"Old Believers† to Siberia or southern Russia. Russia's First westernization, 1690-1790 Peter l, the Great, continued past policies but added a new interest in changing the conomy and culture through imitation of Western forms.It was the first Westernization effort in history Peter traveled incognito to the West and gained an interest in science and technology Many Western artisans returned with him to Russia. Tsarist Autocracy of Peter the Great Peter was an autocratic ruler; revolts were brutally suppressed. Reforms were initiated through state decrees. Peter increased the power of the state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside the aristocracy and by forming a Western-type military force A secret police was created to watch over bureaucracy Foreign policy followed existing patterns.A successful war with Sweden gave Russia a window on the Baltic Sea, allowing it to be a major factor in European diplomatic and military affairs Capital moved to Baltic city of St. Petersburg. What Westernization Meant Peter's reforms influenced politics, economics, and cultural change. The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles. The first Russian naw was created The councils of nob les were eliminated and replaced by advisors under his control Law codes were systematized and the tax system reformed to increase burdens on the peasantry metallurgical and mining industries were expandedCultural reforms aimed at bringing in Western patterns to change old customs. Nobles had to shave their beards and dress in Western style He succeeded in bringing the elite into the Western cultural zone The condition of upper class women improved No attempt was made to form an exporting industrial econom Westernization meant to Peter the encouragement of autocratic rule These changes brought resistance from all classes. Consolidation under Catherine the Great Several decades of weak rule followed Peter's death in 1724.Significant change resumed during the reign of Catherine (1762-1796). She used the Pugachev peasant rebellion as an excuse to extend central government authority Catherine was also a Westernizer and brought Enlightenment ideas to Russia She gave new power over serfs to the nobles in return for their service in the bureaucracy and military Catherine continued patronage of Western art and architecture, Russian expansionist policies continued. By the time of her death, Russia had completed an important transformation.Over three centuries the tsars created a strong central state ruling over the world's greatest land empire. New elements from the West had entered and altered Russia's conomy and culture. Themes in Early Modern Russian History Serfdom and a deep-rooted peasant culture did not mesh with Westernization efforts. The Russian nobility, through state service, maintained a vital position Smaller, incompletely Westernized landowners lived less wealthy lives.Serfdom: The Life of East Europe's Masses Before the Mongol conquest, Russia's peasantry had been relatively free. The government from the sixteenth century encouraged serfdom A 1649 act made serfdom hereditary; other seventeenth and eighteenth century laws tied serfs to the land and augme nted the legal rights of landlords. Serfs were almost slaves; they were bought, sold, and punished by owners. Peasant conditions were similar in Eastern Europe. Peasants labored on large estates to produce grain for sale to the West.Western merchants in return brought the serfs' owners manufactured and luxury items. Peasants did have some rights; village governments regulated many aspects of life Most peasants remained poor and illiterate They paid high taxes and performed extensive labor services in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing Trade and Economic Dependence. There were few large cities in Russia; 95% of the population was rural Artisans also ere few, since most manufacturing was rurally based. Small merchant groups existed, but most trade was handled by Westerners.Peter the Great's reforms increased trade, yet the nobility managed to prevent the emergence of a strong commercial class. Russia's social and economic system had strengths. It produced adequate revenue for the expanding empire, supported the aristocracy, and allowed significant population growth. Commerce was carried on with independent central Asian regions. Agricultural methods remained traditional, and peasants lacked incentives to increase production for the benefit of landlords.Social Unrest By the end of the eighteenth century, Russian reformers were criticizing their nation's backwardness and urging the abolition of serfdom. Peasant discontent was more significant Peasants remained loyal to the tsar, but blamed landlords for the harshness of their lives. Periodic rebellions occurred from the seventeenth century The tsar and nobility triumphed, but peasant discontent remained a problem In Depth: Multinational Empires During the early modern period, Russia created the longest-lasting multinational empire The Mughal Empire ended during the nineteenth centurySpecial characteristics of the Russian Empire were the presence of a large core of ethnic groups prepared to spread widely and es tablish new settlements Russian ability to adopt Western techniques. Such states included minority ethnicities but developed methods to achieve national unity. From the nineteenth century onward, there have been serious clashes between national loyalties and multinational empires Russia and Eastern Europe Regions west of Russia formed a fluctuating borderland between western and eastern European interests In the Ottoman Balkans, trade with the West spread Enlightenment concepts.Poland and the Czech and Slovak areas were a part of the Some Eastern regions were participants in the Protestant Reformation Many of the smaller states lost political autonomy. The largest state, Poland, was linked to the West by shared Roman Catholicism By 1600, Polish aristocrats weakened the central government and exploited peasants Urban centers and a merchant class were lacking The kingdom was partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Global Connections: Russia and the World The Russian empire was di fferent from those in the West, but its effect was enormous on two continents in this era.

TED Tallk

In my opinion, all of the videos that I watched was very informative and helpful for a person like me who is still not fully confident when speaking in public, engaging in arguments and when presenting a thesis or a report. Honestly, It's hard to maintain confidence but hearing those strategies on how to face and communicate with people helps me to challenge myself more because I believe that if it doesn't challenge me, it won't change me. In other words, if it doesn't challenge me, it won't improve me. The TEDtallk videos are very inspiring, most of them helped me realize that every one of us is a teacher. Whoever we meet/met has something to do in our lives that can teach and put a big impact on us, especially with those people who are more experienced, with those people who started as an ordinary people to embracing their uniqueness as an individual. I know I'm not the only one who thinks that people who gives advices are the people who fall all over again, life knocked them down so many times but they decided to get up and believes that they must scare their own fears. Why? Because we are bigger than our fears. Look at them, standing in stage, speaking in front of thousands of people because they carry so much lessons that life taught them. This is not from TEDtalk videos but he is one of the best examples on how to embrace our own identity and individuality, his name is Norman King an aeta who graduated from University of the Philippines Manila. I carry some of his words of wisdom in my daily life because I find it powerful and it enlightens me every day, that when you connect to his words you will feel and find the soul of dedicated and a hard-working man who have nothing to lose and who keeps fighting for their rights even though some of aetas have disregarded their culture.

Crash More Than a Collision of Cultures essays

Crash More Than a Collision of Cultures essays If you know someone with strong, conservative political beliefs and who attends evangelical church services and listens to Rush Limbaugh faithfully from Nebraska or perhaps rural Idaho, who has never been to Los Angeles, ask them if they saw Crash and ask what they believe about L.A. now. They might just turn and run away. If they do have the grace to answer your question, compare what they say with what someone says who has actually visited South-Central, or Korea Town, or East LA at night, alone, in recent weeks or months. Granted, life isnt really as bad and people couldnt possibly be as rude, hateful and unbendingly racist as one would believe if taking the film literally. But life is bad, pretty damn bad, for a lot of people who live in greater L.A. or in any sprawling, multicultural urban setting in 2006. Visit Dallas, Chicago, New York, Newark, Miami, and try to tell me those many and diverse cultures and sub-cultures truly love and embrace each other. Ill show you a cow that flies. Ill show you a pizza that solves math problems. Meanwhile, it is the thesis of this paper that while this movie was an eye-popping, jaw-dropping jolt of hideously racist individuals living out various twisted ethnocentric ideologies, it is in broad brushstrokes a gross exaggeration of 21st Century urban life. And yet at the same time, it honestly reflects realities in artistic terms. It is what we see it is, and more: a glut of pilgrims from diverse points of entry, polarized by a political system that borders on fascism, yet in their hearts a love that fights for survival can snuff out the loathing in wink of a jaundiced eye. Crash had to be an exaggeration, otherwise it would not have attracted the attention it did, and people would perhaps still be slumbering, thinking everythings cool on the Western front. And take this to the b...

Characterize Phaedra in terms of her sense of morality essays

Characterize Phaedra in terms of her sense of morality essays We often think of morality in terms of right versus wrong or good versus evil. If a person chooses wisely and makes good decisions, they have morals, but if a person is evil then they have no sense of morality. Phaedras situation is complicated and cannot easily be characterized in terms of good versus evil. While she knows it is wrong to love her stepson and tries to hide these feelings, she makes bad decisions during the course of the play which eventually lead to her death, and the death of Hippolytus. Although Phaedra is a good person and knows right from wrong, her sense of morality does come into question which unfortunately produces a terrible outcome. If a person knows right from wrong, yet still cannot control their urges or impulses, this doesnt necessarily make them evil or lacking morals, as in the case of Phaedra. Phaedra is married to Theseus, yet is in love with his son Hippolytus. Very early on in the play we can see that Phaedra is tormented by this love and knows it is wrong. In order to prevent herself from acting on these feelings, she has Hippolytus banished from their kingdom. O heavy weight of misery! My eyes beheld the son in the fathers countenance. At length I dared to rebel against myself. I spurred my spirit to persecute him, striving thus to banish the enemy I worship by assuming a stepmothers proverbial cruelty. I clamored for his exile till my cries tore my dear enemy from his fathers arms (1473). I have a just abhorrence of my crime; I hate my life, abominate my lust; longing by death to rescue my good name and hide my black love from the light of day (1473). Although banishing Hippolytus from the kingdom is not the act of someone we would consider to have great morals, Phaedra knows this is the only way to hide her secret. She feels she is doing what is best for everyone involved, thus showing that she is not an evil person. When t...

How George Westinghouse Influenced Electricity

How George Westinghouse Influenced Electricity George Westinghouse was a prolific inventor who influenced the course of history by promoting the use of electricity for power and transportation. He enabled the growth of railroads through his inventions. As an industrial manager, Westinghouses influence on history is considerable he formed and directed more than 60 companies to market his and others inventions during his lifetime. His electric company became one of the greatest electric manufacturing organizations in the U.S., and his influence abroad was evidenced by the many companies he founded in other countries. The Early Years Born on October 6, 1846, in Central Bridge, New York, George Westinghouse worked in his fathers shops in Schenectady where they manufactured agricultural machinery. He served as a private in the cavalry for two years during the Civil War before rising to Acting Third Assistant Engineer in the Navy in 1864. He attended college for only 3 months in 1865, dropping out soon after obtaining his first patent on October 31, 1865, for a rotary steam engine. Westinghouse’s Inventions Westinghouse invented an instrument to replace derailed freight cars on train tracks and started a business to manufacture his invention. He obtained a patent for one of his most important inventions, the air brake, in April 1869. This device enabled locomotive engineers to stop trains with fail-safe accuracy for the first time. It was eventually adopted by the majority of the worlds railroads. Train accidents had been frequent before Westinghouse’s invention because brakes had to be applied manually on each car by different brakemen following a signal from the engineer. Seeing potential profit in the invention, Westinghouse organized the Westinghouse Air Brake Company in July 1869, acting as its president. He continued to make changes to his air brake design and later developed the automatic air brake system and the triple valve. Westinghouse then  expanded into the railroad signaling industry in the United States by organizing the Union Switch and Signal Company. His industry grew  as he opened companies in Europe and Canada.  Devices based on his own inventions and the patents of others were designed to control the increased speed and flexibility which was made possible by the invention of the air brake. Westinghouse also developed an apparatus for the safe transmission of natural gas. The Westinghouse Electric Company Westinghouse saw the potential for electricity early on and formed the Westinghouse Electric Company in 1884. It would later be known as the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. He obtained exclusive rights to Nikola Tesla’s patents for a polyphase system of alternating current in 1888, persuading the inventor to join the Westinghouse Electric Company. There was opposition from the public to the development of alternating current electricity. Critics, including Thomas Edison, argued that it was dangerous and a health hazard. This idea was enforced when New York adopted the use of alternating current electrocution for capital crimes. Undeterred, Westinghouse proved its viability by having his company design and provide the lighting system for the entire Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The Niagara Falls Project Westinghouses company took on another industrial challenge when it was awarded a contract with the Cataract Construction Company in 1893 to build three huge generators to harness the energy of the Niagara Falls. Installation on this project began in April 1895. By November, all three generators were completed. Engineers at Buffalo closed the circuits that finally completed the process to bring power from Niagara a year later. The hydroelectric development of Niagara Falls by George Westinghouse in 1896 inaugurated the practice of placing generating stations far from consumption centers. The Niagara plant transmitted massive amounts of power to Buffalo, over 20 miles away. Westinghouse developed a device called a transformer to solve the problem of sending electricity over long distances.   Westinghouse convincingly demonstrated the general superiority of transmitting power with electricity rather than by mechanical means such as the use of ropes, hydraulic pipes, or compressed air, all of which had been proposed. He demonstrated the transmission superiority of alternating current over direct current. Niagara set a contemporary standard for generator size, and it was the first large system supplying electricity from one circuit for multiple end uses such as railway, lighting, and power. The Parsons Steam Turbine Westinghouse made further industrial history by acquiring exclusive rights to manufacture the Parsons steam turbine in America and introducing the first alternating current locomotive in 1905. The first major application of alternating current to railway systems was used in the Manhattan Elevated railways in New York and later in the New York City subway system. The first single-phase railway locomotive was demonstrated in the East Pittsburgh railway yards in 1905. Soon after, the Westinghouse Company began the task of electrifying the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad with the single-phase system between Woodlawn, New York and Stamford, Connecticut. Westinghouse’s Later Years The various Westinghouse companies were worth about $120 million and employed approximately 50,000 workers at the turn of the century. By 1904, Westinghouse owned nine manufacturing companies in the U.S., one in Canada, and five in Europe. Then the financial panic of 1907 caused Westinghouse to lose control of the companies he had founded. He founded his last major project in 1910, the invention of a compressed air spring for taking the shock out of automobile riding. But by 1911, he had severed all ties with his former companies. Spending much of his later life in public service, Westinghouse showed signs of a heart ailment by 1913. He was ordered to rest by doctors. After deteriorating health and illness confined him to a wheelchair, he died on March 12, 1914, with a total of 361 patents to his credit. His last patent was received in 1918, four years after his death.